Because HPV infection is not reportable in the United States, precise yearly statistics on the incidence (new HPV infections) are not available. It is estimated that most sexually active men and women will acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives, but approximately 90% of these infections are clinically silent, and most infections resolve spontaneously. The following discussion on HPV will focus primarily on the diagnosis and management of anogenital warts, use of HPV vaccine to prevent urogenital cancers, and screening for HPV-related cancers. Screening for HPV-related cervical cancer is an important component of cancer prevention for adult women. The 9-valent HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing urogenital cancers and anogenital warts. In the United States, approximately 45,000 HPV-related cancers are diagnosed each year, with cancer of the cervix the most common among women and cancer of the oropharynx the most common in men ( Figure 2). In a substantial number of individuals, however, sexually transmitted HPV infection may cause anogenital warts, oropharyngeal cancers, and urogenital cancers. Most HPV infections, whether caused by low-risk or high-risk types, are transient, asymptomatic, and have no clinical consequences. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that has oncogenic potential ( Figure 1). Impact of HPV Vaccine on Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer.Impact of HPV Vaccine on Anogenital Warts.Impact of HPV Vaccine on HPV Prevalence.Alternative Therapy for External Anogenital Warts.Selection of Therapy for Anogenital Warts.Management of Cervical Cellular Abnormalities.American Cancer Society Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations.
USPSTF Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations.Screening Recommendations for HPV-Related Cancers.Anal Cancer Detection and Screening Tests.Microbiology, Pathogenesis, and Transmission.
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